Count-Uncount

The Spimple Present

The sun rises in the East-Bilimsel gerçeklik

Water boils at 100c-Bilimsel gerçeklik

I drink some whine everyday -Alışlanlık(habit)

My father always goes to work early- günlük fiil

My mother always goes shopping-Alışlanlık(habit)

I like driving fast-Alışlanlık(habit)

My sister doesn't like cleaning my room

My uncle brings(getirir) sone fruit for me every week

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uncount-bread-money-sheep(koyun)-fruit çoğalamadıkları için sonlarına s takısı almazlar ve sayılamayan nesnelrin başına a/an takısıda gelmez.

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some(some-sayılan-sayılamayan)

There is some water in the bottle

There are two letters on the table.

There is some coffee in the kichen.

There are some letters on the table.

There are some apples in the kitchen.

Any(Hiç-count-?-olumsuz-uncount)

There isn't any fruit

There aren't any letters on the table

is there any fruit

Are there any problems here?

Much(Çok fazla-?-uncount)

How much ice-cream is there?

There is some ice-cream.

There isn'nt any ice-cream.

There isnt much ice cream

Many(-,?-kaçtane,fazlayok,count)

How many pencils are there?

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

İngilizce 'de bu tense'i "geçmişin evvelindeki" olayın sürekliliğinden bahsetmek için kullanırız. Eylemin, başka bir eylemden önce olması gerekir. Az önce öğrendiğimiz past perfect tense ten farkı, eylemin bir süre devam etmiş olduğunu ve/veya süresini belirtmesidir. Geçmişteki bir olayı veya bir vakti referans alıp, bu referansın daha öncesindeki "continuous" olayı past perfect continuous ile anlatırız. Bu tense de tek başına kullanılmaz, referansı ile beraber kullanılır.

Yardımcı fiil olarak "hadbeen" daha sonra da "v-ing"ile kullanırız. özne yardımcı fiil olarak had + been v-ing formunda yüklem They had been waiting for 2 hours when you called. She had been talking on the phone before she left.

You called me at 4 am last night. At that time, I had beensleeping for just 3 hours. They had beenfighting when I entered the room. What had he beendoing all night before he came home? She hadn't been waiting for the bus for long when her father has noticed her. İkinci cümlecikteki present perfect yapı, babanın az önce onu farkettiğini ifade ediyor. İlk cümlede bahsedilen eylem (bekleme eylemi), bu noktada bitmiştir. Past perfect continuous yapı da, belirtilen eylemin süresinden bahsediyor.

The Past Perfect Tense

Türkçeye -mişli geçmiş zaman olarak çevrilebilir. Geçmişte yapılmış iki işten daha önce yapılmış olan olayları ve geçmişte belli bir ana dek sürmüş işleri anlatmakta kullanılır. Ayrıca dolaylı anlatımlarda da kullanılır. Ör. Bora said he had played tennis. (Bora tenis oynadığını söyledi) Olumlu Şekli Özne+had+fiilin 3.hali I had been helped (Yardım edilmiştim) It had been helped (Yardım edilmişti) Olumsuz Şekli Özne+had not+fiilin 3. hali I hadn't been helped (Yardım edilmemiştim) We hadn't been helped (Yardım edilmemiştik) Soru Şekli Had+Özne+fiilin 3.hali Had I been helped? (Yardım edilmiş miydim?) Had you been helped? (Yardım edilmiş miydiniz?) Olumsuz Soru Şekli Had not+Özne+fiilin 3 hali Had I not been helped? (Yardım edilmemiş miydim?) Had you not been helped? (Yardım edilmemiş miydiniz?) Active Form Subject+had+verb 3 She told me his name after he had left. (Ayrıldıktan sonra ismini bana söylemişti) They thanked me for What I had done. (Yaptıklarım için bana teşekkür ettiler) Passive Form Subject+had+been+verb 3 When we arrived in İzmir, all the shops had been closed. (İzmir'e vardığımızda, tüm dükkanlar kapatılmıştı) In five months, the house had not been repaired still. (Beş ay içinde, ev hala tamir edilmemişti)

The Past Continuous Tense

Geçmişte devam etmekte olan işleri anlatırken bu zamanı kullanırız. Bu zamanı tek başına kullanabildiğimiz gibi bazı bağlaçlarla iki cümle halinde de kullanabiliriz. Aşağıdaki örneklerde göreceğiniz gibi bu zamanı 'when' bağlacı getirerek Simple past tense ile kullanabiliyoruz. Olumlu Şekli Özne+was/were+fiil+ing I was studying maths all day yesterday. (Dün bütün gün matematik çalışıyordum.)When we heard the explosion we were watching Tv. (Patlamayı duyduğumuz zaman Tv seyrediyorduk.) Olumsuz Şekli Özne+wasn't/weren't+fiil+ingI wasn't dancing all night, I was studying.(Bütün gece dans etmiyordum, ders çalışıyordum.)You weren't eating your dinner when the visitors arrived. (Konuklar geldiğinde sen yemek yemiyordun.) Soru Şekli Was/were+özne+fiil+ingWas Mr. Green working in the field when you saw him?(Sen Bay Green'i gördüğün zaman o tarlada mı çalışıyordu?)Were you wearing your trousers when you went to the party? (Partiye gittiğin zaman beyaz pantolonunu mu giymiştin?)

The Simple Past Tense

Bu zaman Türkçeye -di olarak çevrilebilir. Genelde içinde bulunulan zamandan önce olup biten olayları anlatır. Ayrıca geçmişte aralıklarla yinelenmiş işleri anlatmada ve dolaylı anlatımlarda geniş zamanın yerine de kullanılır. Bazı Zamanı Bildiren kelimeler ago: önce yesterday: dün last: geçen last week: geçen hafta Olumlu Şekli Özne+fiil(2.şekli) I spent a lot of money last year. (Geçen sene çok para harcadım.) Osman had a ball last week. (Osman'ın geçen hafta topu vardı.) Olumsuz Şekli Özne+didn't+fiil(1.şekil) I didn't listen to news last night. (Geçen akşam haberleri dinlemedim.) We didn't make a cake yesterday. (Dün kek yapmadık.) Soru Şekli Did+özne+fiil(1.şekli) Did you play basketball last week? (Geçen hafta basketbol oynadın mı?) Did they stay at home last night? (Geçen akşam evde mi kaldılar?) Yazım Kurlları 1.Sonu "e" ile biten fiillere sadece "-d" takısı gelir. arrive-arrived smile-smiled 2.Sonu"-y" ile biten fiillerde (y kalkar)"-ied" takısı gelir. "y" den önce gelen harfin ünsüz olması gerekir. study-studied bury-buried

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Bu zaman, geçmiş bir tarihte başlayıp, konuşulan ana kadar devam etmiş ve gelecekte de devam edecek gibi görülen olayları anlatmakta kullanılır. Present continuous tense ile Present perfect continuous tense arasındaki fark, present continuous un konuştuğumuz anda devam eden bir işi anlatmakta kullanılmasıdır. Oysa, Present Perfect Continuous tense kullandığımızda, şu anda süre gelen bir şeyin ne zaman başladığını yada ne kadardır devam ettiğini bildiririz. Bazı Zamanı Bildiren kelimeler for two days: iki gündür for ages: asırlardır for seven months: yedi aydır since bayram: bayramdan beri since 1071: 1071 den beri since yesterday: dünden beri Olumlu Şekli Özne+Have/Has+Been-fiilin 1.hali+ing Örnekler: I have been learning English for 5 years. (Beş yıldır İngilizce öğreniyorum) I have been working for two hours. (İki saattir çalışıyorum) Olumsuz Şekli Özne+Have not/Has not+Been fiil+ing have not=haven't has not=hasn't Örnekler I haven't been playing game for very long. (Uzun zamandır oyun oynamıyorum) Soru Şekli Has/have+özne+been+fiil+ing Örnek What has Ayşe been doing since morning? (Ayşe sabahtan beri ne yapıyor?) Haven't/hasn't+özne+been+fiil+ing Örnek Haven't you been watching TV for an hour? (Bir saattir televizyon izlemiyor musun?)

Irregular verbs /Düzensiz Fiiller

/tr>/tr> Infinitive Simple Past Past Participle A arise arose arisen awake awoke/ awakened awoken B be was / were been bear bore born / borne beat beat beaten / beat become became become befall befell befallen begin began begun behold beheld beheld bend bent bent bet bet / betted bet / betted bid bid bid bind bound bound bite bit bitten bleed bled bled blow blew blown break broke broken breed bred bred bring brought brought broadcast broadcast broadcast browbeat browbeat browbeat build built built burn burnt/ burned burnt/burned burst burst burst bust busted/ bust busted/ bust buy bought bought C cast cast cast catch caught caught choose chose chosen cling clung clung come came come cost cost cost creep crept crept cut cut cut D deal dealt dealt dig dug dug dive dived dived dive dove dived do did done draw drew drawn dream dreamt/ dreamed dreamt/ dreamed drink drank drunk drive drove driven dwell dwelt/ dwelled dwelt/ dwelled E eat ate eaten F fall fell fallen feed fed fed feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found fit (to be right size) fit fit fit (to tailor, change size) fit/ fitted fit/ fitted flee fled fled fling flung flung fly flew flown forbid forbade forbidden forecast forecast forecast forego (also forgo) forewent foregone foresee foresaw foreseen foretell foretold foretold forget forgot forgotten forgive forgave forgiven forsake forsook forsaken freeze froze frozen G get got gotten/ got give gave given go went gone grind ground ground grow grew grown H hang hung hung have had had hear heard heard hide hid hidden hit hit hit hold held held hurt hurt hurt I input input input inset inset inset interbreed interbred interbred interweave interwove interwoven K keep kept kept kneel knelt/ kneeled knelt/ kneeled knit knit/ knitted knit/ knitted know knew known L lay laid laid lead led led lean leaned/ leant leaned/ leant leap leapt/ leaped leapt/ leaped learn learned/ learnt learned/ learnt leave left left lend lent lent let let let lie lay lain light lit / lighted lit / lighted lose lost lost M make made made mean meant meant meet met met mishear misheard misheard mislay mislaid mislaid mislead misled misled misread misread misread misspell misspelled/ misspelt misspelled/ misspelt mistake mistook mistaken misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood mow mowed mowed/ mow O outbid outbid outbid outdo outdid outdone outgrow outgrew outgrown outrun outran outrun outsell outsold outsold overcast overcast overcast overcome overcame overcome overdo overdid overdone overdraw overdrew overdrawn overeat overate overeaten overhang overhung overhung overhear overheard overheard overlay overlaid overlaid overlie overlay overlain overpay overpaid overpaid override overrode overridden overrun overran overrun oversee oversaw overseen oversell oversold oversold overshoot overshot overshot oversleep overslept overslept overtake overtook overtaken overthrow overthrew overthrown P partake partook partaken pay paid paid plead pled/ pleaded pled/ pleaded pre-set pre-set pre-set proofread proofread proofread prove proved proven/ proved put put put Q quit quit / quitted quit / quitted R read read read rebind rebound rebound rebuild rebuilt rebuilt recast recast recast redo redid redone re-lay re-laid re-laid remake remade remade repay repaid repaid rerun reran rerun resell resold resold reset reset reset rethink rethought rethought rewind rewound rewound rewrite rewrote rewritten rid rid rid ride rode ridden ring rang rung rise rose risen run ran run S say said said see saw seen seek sought sought sell sold sold send sent sent set set set sew sewed sewn/ sewed shake shook shaken shear sheared shorn/ sheared shed shed shed shine shined / shone shined / shone shit shit/ shat shit/ shat shoot shot shot show showed shown / showed shrink shrank / shrunk shrunk shut shut shut sing sang sung sit sat sat slay slew slain sleep slept slept slide slid slid sling slung slung slit slit slit smell smelled/ smelt smelled/ smelt speak spoke spoken speed sped / speeded sped / speeded spell spelled/ spelt spelled/ spelt spend spent spent spin spun spun spit spit / spat spit / spat split split split spoil spoiled/ spoilt spoiled/ spoilt spoon-feed spoon-fed spoon-fed spread spread spread spring sprang / sprung sprung stand stood stood steal stole stolen stick stuck stuck sting stung stung stink stank / stunk stunk strew strewed strewn/ strewed stride strode stridden strive strove striven strike (delete) struck stricken strike (hit) struck struck/ stricken string strung strung strive strove/ strived striven/ strived swear swore sworn sweep swept swept swell swelled swollen, swelled swim swam swum swing swung swung T take took taken teach taught taught tear tore torn tell told told think thought thought throw threw thrown thrust thrust thrust tread trod trodden, trod U unbind unbound unbound underlie underlay underlain understand understood understood undertake undertook undertaken underwrite underwrote underwritten undo undid undone unwind unwound unwound uphold upheld upheld upset upset upset W wake woke / waked woken / waked wear wore worn weave wove woven wed wed/ wedded wed/ wedded weep wept wept wet wet/ wetted wet/ wetted win won won wind wound wound withdraw withdrew withdrawn wring wrung wrung write wrote written